Binders (pl. noun) are fairly often added to glazes (and sometimes underglazes) in order to help the raw glaze to adhere to pottery prior to firing. Binders also help keep raw glaze coats from powdering, which makes it less likely to damage the glaze coat when loading the kiln.
All sorts of things will work as binders, including school paste and white glue. Some may be gelatinous, which also acts to thicken the liquid glaze.
Many commercial additives acts as a binder as well as a glaze thickener or suspension agent.

